第七章 应许之地通往美国世纪的大门（第15/15页）

注释：

[1]New York Times, May 15, 1864.

[2]John Murray Forbes to Charles Sumner, August 10, 1872, in Sarah Forbes Hughes (ed.), Letters and Recollections of John Murray Forbes, 2 Vols. (Boston and New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1899) II: 178-179

[3]Hiram C. Whitley, In It (Cambridge, MA: Riverside Press, 1894) 104.

[4]J. S. Pike, First Blows of the Civil War: The Ten Years of Preliminary Conflict in the United States, From 1850 to 1860 (New York, 1879) 481, 511; The Prostrate State: South Carolina under Negro Government (New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1874) 12-13.

[5]Horace Bushnell, Barbarism the First Danger (New York: American Home Missionary Society, 1847) 16-17.

[6]Whitley, In It, 5, 174-175.

[7]U. S. Grant to the Senate, January 13, 1875, The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant, John Y. Simon (ed.), Vol. 26: 1875 (Carbondale, Ill: Southern Illinois University Press, 2003) 6-7, xi-xii.

[8]United States vs. Cruikshank (92 U.S. 542 (1875), available at: http://supreme.justia.com/us/92/542/case.html (March 20, 2010).

[9]Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Lynch Law in Georgia (1899) 7, 10. For a modern assessment of the Hose case, see Edwin T. Arnold, What Virtue There is in Fire:Cultural Memory and the Lynching of Sam Hose (Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 2009).

[10]New York Times, February 24, 1884.

[11]Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in all its Phases (New York, 1892).

[12]John Greenleaf Whittier to John Murray Forbes, June 12, 1891, in Hughes (ed.), Letters and Recollections ofJohn Murray Forbes, II, 227.

[13]Abraham Lincoln to Joshua Speed, August 24, 1855 in Basler (ed), Collected Works ofAbraham Lincoln, II, 323.

[14]Roger Daniels and Otis L. Graham, Debating American Immigration, 1882-Present (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2001) 7

[15]James Bryce, The American Commonwealth, 2 Vols. (1888. Revised Edition. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1923) II, 472.

[16]Josiah Strong, Our Country: Its Possible Future and its Present Crisis (New York: The American Home Mission Society, 1885) 40-41.

[17]⑰ Lincoln Steffens, The Shame of the Cities (1902. Reprint. New York: Hill and Wang, 1957) 7-8. 18.

[18]Marcus Eli Ravage, An American in the Making: The Life Story of an Immigrant(New York and London: Harper and Brothers, 1917) 60.

[19]Grover Cleveland, Veto Message, March 2, 1897. available at: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=70845 (April 20, 2010).

[20]Ravage, An American in the Making, 156-157.

[21]Owen Wister, “The Evolution of the Cow-Puncher, ”Harper's Magazine, Vol. 91(September 1895) 602-17, quotations 603-604.

[22]Rockefeller quoted in Richard Hofstadter, Social Darwinism in American Thought, Revised Ed. (Boston: The Beacon Press, 1955) 45-46.

[23]Abraham Lincoln, “Annual Message to Congress, ”December 3, 1861, in Basler(ed), Collected Works ofAbraham Lincoln, V, 52.

[24]Simon Nelson Patten, The Theory of Social Forces (Philadelphia: The American Academy of Political and Social Science, 1896) 143.

[25]Strong, Our Country, 41, 48, 44.

[26]Henry Benjamin Whipple, Preface to Helen Hunt (Jackson)'s, A Century of Dishonor (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1881) vi.